In general, acids exert strong preservative effects. In fact, most effective and widely used preservatives are various acids, such as sorbic acid, malic acid and propionates. These preservatives are more effective at low pH values than at high pH levels. Among them, only parabens maintain potent antibacterial activity under nearly neutral pH conditions.
(1) Sorbic Acid Compounds
It has been verified in culture media that sorbates can inhibit the spore germination of
Clostridium botulinum and
Bacillus cereus.
As food additives, sorbic acid-based antibacterial agents show no toxicity to the human body and possess a broad antibacterial spectrum, applicable to almost all foods with a pH below 6.0.
Although sorbic acid is less widely used than propionic acid in baked goods, it features stronger antifungal activity and remains effective at relatively higher pH values.
However, attention shall be paid during application. For pastries and sweet products, it should be added as early as possible to ensure even distribution. The recommended dosage in baked foods ranges from 0.03% to 0.30%.
A premium product cannot do without attractive packaging appearance, especially for baked goods.
Foshan Sayok packaging machinery specializes in the production of baked food packaging production lines to meet customers’ mass production needs. Exquisite packaging helps greatly boost your sales.
(2) Propionic Acid
Propionic acid is a colorless and transparent liquid with a pungent odor and is miscible with water. Its calcium salt and sodium salt are white powder with good water solubility and a smell similar to propionic acid.
Both propionic acid and propionates are easily absorbed and metabolized by the human body without any harmful effects, and are recognized as safe food additives in most countries worldwide.
The antibacterial activity of propionic acid is weaker than that of sorbic acid and benzoic acid. It mainly inhibits molds.
Sodium propionate is generally preferred for products made with chemical leavening agents, as calcium ions may weaken the efficacy of leavening agents.
Calcium propionate is more suitable for bread production, for calcium can improve nutritional value, and its dosage shall not exceed 0.32%.
Superior products require high-quality packaging, which is particularly critical for baked foods.
Foshan Sainuo bread packaging machinery provides professional packaging production lines for baked food to support mass production. Fine-looking packaging effectively increases product sales.
(3) Parabens
Parabens are white crystalline powders with a slight anesthetic odor.
They can be rapidly absorbed in the human gastrointestinal tract and hydrolyzed in the liver and kidneys into p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is directly excreted in urine or further converted into p-hydroxyhippuric acid and glucuronide for discharge, with no accumulation in the human body. Hence, they are also safe food additives.
Parabens can destroy mold cell membranes and denature intracellular proteins.
They exhibit stronger antibacterial performance than other preservatives, with the best antifungal effect. Their bacteriostatic action is superior to sorbic acid, and they have a lethal effect on Gram-positive bacteria.
(4) Compound Preservatives
Compound preservatives are formulated with multiple ingredients, featuring dual functions of quality improvement and mildew resistance.
1) Bread Preservative
It is a white to pale yellow powder or paste, with dual effects of quality improvement and bacteriostasis. It has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and remarkable fresh-keeping performance.
Without preservation treatment, common bread and sponge cakes usually go moldy within 2 to 3 days at room temperature in summer.
Even with 0.2%–0.4% calcium propionate added, the shelf life can only be extended to 4–5 days.
In contrast, adding 0.2% bread preservative can prevent bread from mildewing for 10–30 days in summer, extending the shelf life to
3–10 times the original. Meanwhile, it improves product quality: optimizing internal texture and increasing bread volume by more than 10%, which reduces or eliminates the use of bread improvers.
Application: Suitable for bread, cakes, pastries and other baked goods.
Add it together with cream and salt after the dough is formed, or sieve and mix it with flour in advance before blending with other raw materials.
General dosage: about 0.2% based on the total flour weight.
Storage: sealed and stored in a cool dry place; shelf life: 2 years. Caking caused by moisture absorption will not affect its performance.
2) Chiffon Cake Special Preservative
White to pale yellow powder, compounded with potassium sorbate, sodium dehydroacetate, monoglyceride and glucono delta-lactone in a specific ratio.
Chiffon cakes feature high moisture content and rich nutrients, making them highly susceptible to microbial contamination and deterioration.
This special preservative greatly prolongs cake shelf life: ordinary cakes can be preserved for 15–30 days, and chiffon cakes for 7–15 days.
Application: Easy to use. For regular cakes, it can be added at any mixing stage; for chiffon cakes, mix evenly with egg yolk and other ingredients.
Dosage: approximately 2% of flour weight.
Storage: keep in a cool and ventilated place; shelf life: 2 years. Moisture-induced caking does not affect the effect.
3) Pie Filling / Egg Yolk Pie Preservative
White to pale yellow powder, compounded with fatty acid glycerides and edible organic acid preservatives.
Egg yolk pies are nutrient-dense and prone to microbial spoilage.
Products without preservatives will mold within 12 days in summer, and common preservatives only support a 30–40 day shelf life, failing to meet manufacturers’ commercial shelf-life requirements.
This preservative has a broad bacteriostatic spectrum, efficiently extending the shelf life of egg yolk pies to 3–6 months. It is non-toxic, stable in effect and easy to apply.
Usage: Sift and blend about 0.1% of the preservative (by flour weight) with flour, then mix thoroughly with other raw materials.
Storage: cool and ventilated environment; shelf life: 2 years. Caking upon dampness does not reduce efficacy.
It is recommended to adopt KOP/CPP composite packaging materials. Otherwise, excessive moisture loss will occur within around 45 days in winter.